Rotor for electrical machines



BLAMES.

ROTOR FOR ELECTRICAL MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB-16,1918.

Patented May 9, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

. mits the attainment also in the association theaxial core, that is,

UNITED STATE s PATENT OFFICE.

BUTLER Ar/ins, or LOWELL, MAssAcrrUsE'r'rs a specification.

This invention relates to electrical generators and moreparticularly to generators of the magneto type. I The principal objectsof the invention are provide a magneto generator which is light and compact in construction, which produces a relatively large number of impulses of current per pole, which'will supply ignition impulses to either two or four cycle engines 'having any number of cylinders, whose magnetic circuit has low reluctance, whose windings encircle the axis of the rotor, which maintains high efliciency throughout a wide range of velocities and at relatively high velocities, in which the laminated portion of the magnetic circuit is rigidly and compactly incorporated with the other portions of the machine, and generally to improve and perfect apparatus of the character referred to.. By utilizing the present invention only in certain of its aspects certain of the aforesaid objects may be atbut in its preferred form the invention perof all of the aforesaid objects concomitantly. v

.The invention comprises improvements in both the rotor and stator of a generator and of these two parts together. The'rotor is provided with an ttXlELl- COIBflIlCl around this core is provided the windings, a single set in the case ofan ordinary generator but preferably a' pluv rality of sets in the case of a magneto generator. These windings are preferably mounted on the rotor for the sake of com= pactness and efficiency but, in so far as certain aspects of'the invention are concerned, t e windings may be non-rotatably mounted closely to surround the core inasmuch as the current is generated by varying the magnetic flux and not by moving conductors transversely through a constant magnetic field. On opposite sides of the windings magnetic pole pieces extend radially from away from the axis of the core although not necessarily perpen- -'dicu1arlyto the axis of the core, a distance ROTOR FOR ELECTRICAL MACHINES. i

Specification of Letters Patent. i Application filed February 16, 1918. Serial No.

rotated relatively either or both sets of magnetic field about generates the current.

mately equal to the angular poles and eight rotor space, .that. .is, 135? instead of 45.

I sufiicient to bring, them into proximity to the stator poles when the two sets of poles are to each other. While poles may be rotated,

preferably rotate the inner set and therefore designate. the inner rotor and stator poles respectively; More,- over, this relative motion between the pole pieces is the only motion essential to the present invention in its broader aspect, it

being possible to maintain both the wind-v ings and axla-l core stationary inasmuch as the relative motionbetween the pole pieces of the rotor and stator produces a varying the windings which The outer ends of the radial portions of the rotor core which rotatealong the faces of the stator core have a relatively large area so as to reduce the reluctance of the air-gap and stator and this is preferably-accomplished, when the radial portions extend beyond the periphery of the windings, by extending the outer ends of the radial portions axially over the windings. Theradial portions of the rotor core at one end of the, y rotor are staggered with relation to, the

radial portions at the other end of the core, thereby affording certain unique advantages as will hereinafter appear. tained independently of other of the objects 1 My improved stator comprises a plurality of poles of opposite, polarity spaced about the periphery of thecore so asto cooperate withthe rotor in producing a variable magnetic field about the windings of the machine as the rotor rotates. spaced apart an angular distance approxidistance between certain :pairs of rotor poles, which pairs comprise one pole ateach end of the rotor, and for most purposes I to make this distance approximately equal between adjacent deem it preferable tov the angular distance rotor poles. Thus, when employingtwo stator poles and four rotor poles (two at each end) the, stator poles are spaced apart adistance of approximately 90. owever, when the angular distance between adjacent rotor poles is small, as for example when Patented May 9,1922.

between the rotor These poles are t and outer sets as a employing a large number of rotor poles, the stator poles may be spaced further apart.

Forexample, when employing two stator poles (four at each end) the stator poles may. be spaced apart three rotor pole spaces insteadof a single :When

employing only a single pair of stator poles cooperating with adjacent rotor poles the stator poles may be disposed on one side of the rotor so that the entire width of the device need be only slightly greater than the diameter of the rotor. The stator is claimed in my divisional application Ser. No. dhfn ild tiled April 29, 1921.

In the accompanying drawings,

l elevation of one cm- Figure 1 is an out bodiment of my improved device.

Figure 2 is a ver cal longitudinal central sect-ion of the device, parts being shown in elevation;

Figure 3 is a vertical transverse section on line 33 of Fig. 2;

Figures 1, 5 and 6 are perspective views of the left and right end portions, respectively. of the rotor in the relative positions in which they go togetherj Figure 7 is a longitudinal central section of the rotor, taken on line 7'. of Fi 12;

Figure 8 is an elevational view of the inside of the condenser casing which is adapted to be mounted on the right end of the rotor as shown in Figs. 2, 7, 9 and 10;

Figure 9 is a side elevation of the rotor;

Figure 10 is a left end elevation of the rotor;

Figure 11 is a longitudinal central se tion of the rotor talren on lines 11-11 of Figs. 2 and 12 at right angles to the section in Fig. 7;

Figure 12 is a right end elevation of the rotor, parts being broken away to show the interior of the condenser casing and condenser therein;

Figure 18 is a vertical transverse section of the rotor, taken on line 13-13 of Fig. 9;

Figure 14 is an elevational view of the inside of the left end portion of the rotor; and

Figure 15 is an elevational view of the inside of the right end of the rotor.

The stator of my improved generator resembles the ordinary construction in that it comprises a. casing 1 surrounding the rotor, and in that permanent U-magnets are em ployed to produce the magnetic field, four such magnets being shown in Figs. 1., 2 and 3. The casing 1 is substantially cylindrical in contour, although in external appearance it appears rectangular inasmuch as it is provided with a base 3 and inasmuch as its sides are carried upwardly to enclose the pole pieces 1 which preferably extend the full length of the rotor core. The pole pieces 1 are preferably formed of laminations disposed in horizontal longitudinal. planes and these laminations are preferably cast into the frame 1. The surfaces 5 and 6 of the pole pieces are preferably tapered so that the laminations are rigidly held in the frame. The U-magnets 2 pas through openings 1n the top of the casing 1 and proby means of machine screws a short distance. The

t for the U-magncts are formed bv stamping circular openings in the upper laininations before building tnem into pole pieces so that the magnets lit squarely against both the bottoms and sides of the recesses. \"l ithin the casing T at the right hand (Fig. 2) end of the frame 1 is provided switch mechanism of the usual type to malre and brealr the armature circuit at suitable intervals, the casing 7 being held in position over the switch mechanism by means of aspring S pivotally mounted on the end of a stud 9 projecting from the left end of the frame 1.

By making the field magnets circular in cross-section a marked increase in elliciency is attained. llbloreover, circular magnets may be hardened more easily and uniformly inasmuch as unlike rectangular magnets, they present no corners to become unduly hard during the tempering process. I. have also found that the efficiency and life of the magnets is greatly increased by spacing them apart so that they do not contact with each other.

My improved rotor, exemplified in the ac companying drawings, comprises an axial core 10 preferably formed of a bundle of wires, the core being surroiuuled by primary and secondary windings 11 and 12, a cylinder of insulating material 1 surrouinling the windings, and end members 14; and fastened to opposite ends of the cvlindcr 13 in passing through the insulated openings 17 in the left end member 14;, thence through the openings 18 in tie cylinder 13 and thence threading into tapped openings 19 in the right end member 15. In order further to secure the aforesaid parts of the rotor together I also provide an axial machine screw 33 passing through an axial opening Eat in the right end member 1', thence tniougli the axial openin in the core, and thence threading into an tifiltll recess 34. in the left ject into the poles 4.- recesses in the poles end member 15.

Q. J; or poeno ie on deisaci 1 the ylinder 1 f l c 1 1 s t oi products or the like serves to confine the armature windings and retain. them in pos1- tion even at high armature velocities. Due to the substantial thickness of the cylinder 13 the ends of the pole pieces may be cmredded the el and ti rods 1.6 may extend the ct irough. il 1 the end dicks 14-. and

15 tied together by rods 16 near the outer periphery of the armature and with the ends of the pole pieces embedded in the insulation cylinder the armature is e':;ceedin y strong and rigid and will withs and a r 'lredly high torsioning stress. extenmng the end disks and 15 to the cylinder 13 the windings are enclosed at the nds as well as at the sides.

In the end members 14c and 15 are proallelism with, the axis shaped member 28 vided transverse polepieces 20, 21, 22 and 23, the pole pieces 20 and 21 at one end of the rotor being integrally formed of laminations disposed in planes parallel to the axis of the rotor and the poles pieces 22 and 23 at the other end ofthe rotor being similarly formed. For the purpose of rigidly and compactly mounting these pole pieces they are preferably cast into the end members of the rotor, the latter preferably being formed of cast aluminum. In order to increase the area of the ends of the pole pieces, and for other purposes, projections are provided on the outer ends of the poles, the projections extending inwardly in par recesses 24 and 25, respectively, in the cylinder'of insulation 13. The outer peripheral faces of the pole-piece projections are made concentric with the axis of the rotor, and the radius of the pole pieces, including these projections, is such that the air-gap between the peripheral faces of the rotor poles and the inner facesof the stator poles is small. When the end portions 14 and 15 are secured to the central portion of the rotor, compris mg the core 10, the windings and the cylincler13, the ends of the cord 10 abut squarely against the inner faces of the pole pieces in the region of the axis of the rotor, thereby forming apractically continuous laminated magnetic circuit from the peripheral faces of the pole pieces 20 and 21 .to the peripheral faces of the pole pieces 22 and 23, through the core 10. The pole pieces at one end of the rotor are staggered relatively to the pole pieces at theother end of the rotor for purposes which will hereinafter appear.

, Projecting outwardly from the left (Fig. 2) end of the rotor is an axial shaft 26 by means of which the rotor is supported at the left end through the medium of ball bearings 27 and by which the rotor may be driven. Fast on the shaft 26 between the end of the rotor and the bearing 27 is a slip ring or collector ring comprising a pulleyand a conducting ring 29. In cooperative relationship with the slip ring 29 is mounted a collector brush 30 by means of a tube 31 of insulating'material mounted in a knurled nut 32 threading into an opening in the top of the frame 1.

The right end member 15 of the rotor is provided with a peripheral flange 37 ex tending to the right (Fig. 7), this flange serving as a housing for the condenser 38. The open end of the housing formed by flange 37 is covered over by a cap 39 which is secured to the flange 37 by means of machine screws 40 passing through openings 41 in the cap 39 and thence threading into tapped holes 42 in the thickened portions 43 of the flange 37. The cap 39 is provided with an axial tubular projection 44 by which the right end of the rotor is rotatably of the rotor into the H mounted in the frame 1 through the medium of the ball bearing 45. 1 I

The condenser 38, which forms the subject-matter of an application by myself and Philip Gilinson, Sr. No. 217,441 filed February 15, 1918, comprises a plurality of alternate layers of insulating and conducting material disposed between two end plates 46 and 47. Projecting outwardly from the. opposite sides of plate 46 are integral lugs 48 which seat against the bottom of grooves 49 on the inside of the thick portions 43 of flange 37. Screws 50 pass through openings in the lugs 48 and thread into tapped openings in the bottoms of the grooves 49, thereby rigidly securing the condenser to the end rotor. Projecting axially portion 15 of the from the end plate 47 of the condenser is a tubular projection 52, the tubular projec- 'tlOn passing through a plate 53 of insulatposed at the four corners of the condenser,

the rivets passing through and being insulated from plate 46, and being riveted into plate 47. As shown in Fig. 11, the heads 56 of these rivets project somewhat from the face of the plate 46, and in order to prevent the heads of the rotor, an enprovided, whereby the flat face of the. plate 46 is. permitted to seat squarely against the end. portion 15 and whereby the rivets 55, each of which is in electrical contact with the plate 47, do notshort circuit thecondenser plates 46 and 47 by engaging the end portion 15 of the rotor.

The terminals 58 and winding" 11 pass outwardy through grooves 60 in the inner faceof right end member 15, thence through openings 61 in the end memher to the terminals 62 and 63 on plates 46 and 47 of the condenser. One of the terminals 64 of thesecondary winding 12 is brought out through an opening65 in the left end member14 and thence through a tubular projection on the insulation member 28 to the slip ring 29. the terminals of the secondary winding is connected to one of the terminals of the primary winding either within the windings or at one of the terminals of the condenser. The mak e-ancl-break switch in the housing 7 is connected across the condenser 38 acof the primary The other of v a nal circuit throng 1 the medium of the bind-- ing post 66 projecting; outwardly "from the cosine 7 (l ig. the other side of the swisch and. condenser beinggrounded. Tnasinuch as the circuit arrangements form no part of: the present invention, further description thereof is unnecessary.

The apparatus is preferably assembled as follows: The iron wires forming the core 10 are suitably secured in the term of a hollow cylinder, a cylindrical shell of suitable material being" disposed either inside or outside or both inside and outside of the hollow core, if desired, to hold the wires together. although shellac or other insulating and adhesive material will ordinarily suiiice. The rotor windinps may be wound in the form of a coil beiior being}; placed on the rotor, and then slipped over the core and lightly secured to the core by adhesive insulating material. The cylinder 13 oil: insulation material is then slipped over the windings and positioned by a coating of shellac or the like spread between the windings and cylinder. The end members 14; and 15 of the rotor are preferably cast, as stated, with the laminated pole pieces cast thereinto. ll hen employing only two pole pieces at each end 01 the rotor they are preterably 'lf'orined integrally in the form of continuous laininations extending along the entire length of: the diameter of the rotor. The end members 14E and 1.5 are then placed in position at opposite ends of the rotor, with the projections on the ends of the pole pieces extending into the recesses in t 1e cylinder of insulation 13 and with the winding leads extending through the openings in the end members provided therefor. The parts are then secured together by means O'l screws 16 and 33. The condenser thensecured in position, with its terminals connected to the primary leaps, and the cap member 39 secured over the openin into the condenser housing. The other parts o1 the rotor are then applied and. the entire rotor mounted in the frame ot the stator.

The operation of the device is follows: lVhen the rotor is rotated the poles 20 to 23 of the rotor alternately pass the poles t of the stator. rlssuining that the left stator pole is the north pole and the right stator pole is the south pole, as indicated in Fig. 3, the action of the magnetic field may be explained as follows: Vihen the rotor pole 20 is in o 'nposi'ion to the north pole N of the stator the rotor pole 23 will be in OPPO- sition to the south pole and magnetic flux may be assumed to from the north stator pole it through rotor pole 9 to the axis of the rotor, thence through the axial core 10 to the opposite end of the rotor, and

thence through rotor pole 2.3 to the south pole 5 oi the stat r. When the rotor has rotated. through 90 for example in a clockw'so direction indicated by the arrow in y. 3, the rotor pole 220, which was forincrly in opposition to the north pole of the stat r, will have moved into a position opposits to the south stator pole S, and the rotor pole (opposite to rotor pole 23) will have moved into a position opposite to the north stator pole N. The flux through the rotor will then be reversed, the flux enteringfrom the north stator pole N through the rotor pole 22. passing;- through the cor it and thence passing: through the rotor pole to the south stator pole S. \Vhen the rotor has rotated through another 90 the rotor pole will be opposed to the statir pole S and the rotor pole 21 will have moved into opposition to the stator polo N, in which position the fiuz; through the rotor will again be reversed. Thus the flux through the rotor will be reversed four times per revolution of the rotor, and the apparatus vill therefore produce tour impulses o't current per revolution. The device is therefore particularly adapted to use withv eightcylinder engines inasmuch as it can be driven at the same velocity as the engine and at the same time produce tour sparks 1 .l. revolution. as required by an ordinary eight-cylinder engine.

ll hen employing 'l our rotor poles 20, 21, 29, and 23, arranged in staggered relation ship shown, and when using two stator poles spaced apart an angular distance of 90 it will be observed that each of the rotor poles are active throughout 90 of each rotation, arnely, while passing the stator poles, arufl that each rotor pole is then inactive throughout substantially 2? 0. Owing; to this long inactive period the residual gnetisin in the rotor poles is permitted to die out and. become neutralized before the pole igain comes into operative relationship with the stator poles. By staggering the poles of the rotor and arranging the stator poles an angular distance apart approximately equal to the angular distance between a rotor pole at one end of the rotor and rotor pole at the other end 01? the rotor a greater number of impulses oi current are obtained than where the rotor poles are not staggered and where the stator poles are spaced 180 apart. Thus when employing rour rotor poles and two stator poles as illustrated, tour impulses 01? current per revolution are obtained instead of two. Obviously by increasing the number of rotor nd at the same time arranging them red relationship any desired nu1npuls s per revolution could be ob tained. Moreover, instead of using only a single pair of stator poles a plurality of pairs maybe employed/The extensions on the ends of the rotor poles provide an increasedpole area opposing the stator poles whereby the reluctance of the air-gaps is materially decreased. Moreover, these extensions, when arranged to project over the armature windings as illustrated, serve in conjunction withthe cylinder of insulation 13 to counteract the centrifugal force applied to the rotor windings and the device high velocities.

I claim:

1. In an elect-ricalmachine, a rotor comprising an axial magnetic core, a winding mounted upon the core coaxially with the rotor, endinembers on opposite sides of the winding, and laminated pole pieces secured in the end members, the pole pieces being disposed in juxtaposition to the core and extending radially from the axial region of the can therefore be safely operated unusually 2. In an electrical machine, a rotor comprising a core, a winding encircling the core, the core and winding being disposed coaxiall ofthe rotor end members disnosed y a l on opposite sides of the winding, the end members having radial pole pieces extending outwardly from the region of the ends of said core, and bearing members. extending outwardly from the end members.

In an electrical machine, a rotor comprlsing a core, a winding encircling the core, the core and winding being disposed coaxially of the rotor, end members disposed 011 opposite sides of the members having radial polepieces extending outwardly rrom the region of of said core and having extending outwardly from the end members, a cylinder of insulating material surrounding the winding, said cylinder having'recesses in the opposite ends thereof and said pole pieces having projections extending into the recesses.

t. In an electrical machine, a rotor comprising a core, a winding encircling the core, the core and winding axially of the rotor, end on opposite sides of the bearingmembers members disposed winding, the end members having radial pole pieces extending outwardly from the region of the ends of said core, one of the end members having a recess adapted to receive a condenser, and bearing members extending outwardly from said end members.

5. In an electrical machine, a rotor comprising a core, a winding encircling the core, the core and winding being disposed coaxially of the rotor,-end members disposed on opposite sides of the winding, the end members having radial ing outwardly from the region of the ends of said core, one of the end members having winding, the end I the ends I being disposed c0-- pole pieces extend- Y an annular flange extending outwardly therefrom so as toform' a housing for a con denser, and bearing members extending outwardly'troni said. end member A 6. A rotor comprising an axial core, a windin g surrounding said core, a cylinder of rigid insulating material surrounding said winding, end members covering the ends of said winding and the ends of said cylinder, and rods extending longitudinally through said cylinder, for connecting said end members together.

A rotor comprising an axial core, a winding surrounding said core, a cylinder of rigid insulating material surrounding said winding, said core and winding and cylinder having substantially equal axial lengths, and end disks covering the ends of said core winding and cylinder.

8. A rotor comprising an axial core, a winding surrounding said core, a cylinder of rigid insulating material surrounding said winding, said core winding and cylinder having substantially equal axial lengths, end disks covering the ends of said core winding and cylinder, and rods extending longitudinally through said cylinderfor connecting said end disks together. p

9. A rotor comprising an axial core, a winding surrounding said core, disks covering the ends of said core and winding, and

radial pole pieces mounted 011 said disks in ing the'ends of said core and winding, and

radial pole pieces mounted on said disks in magnetic contact with said core, said disks being formed of high reluctance metal and said polepieces being formed of low reluctancelaminations set edgewise into the inner sides of said disks. p

12. A rotor comprising anaxial core, a winding surrounding said core, end members covering the ends of said winding, and a rod exten ling axially through said core for connecting said end members together.

13. A rotor comprising an axial core, a winding surrounding said core, disks cover ing the ends of said core and winding, and a rod extending axially through said core for connecting said end members together.

14.. A rotor comprising an axial core, a winding surrounding said core, a cylinder of insulating material surrounding said winding, disks covering the ends of said core Winding and cylinder, and a plurality of rods extending longitudinally through said cylinder for connecting said disks together.

15. A rotor comprising an axial core, a Winding surrounding said core, a cylinder of insulating material surrounding said Winding disks covering the ends of said core Winding and cylinder, a plurality of rods extending longitudinally through said cylinder for connecting said disks together, and adial pole pieces mounted in said disks substantially in magnetic contact with said core.

Signed by me at Boston, Massachusetts this 5th day of February, 1917.

BUTLER AMES. 

